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ANNO·​TRICESIMO·​DIE·​DVCENTESIMO·​SEPTVAGESIMO·​SEXTO·​VITÆ·​POVYA
Quotes & Excerpts

Your alarm, a boarding pass, a meeting in another country, the day your salary lands: anything on your phone that shows a time has to know where you are.Underneath sit every Android phone, every iPhone and most of the servers on the internet.They all get local time from one text file, the time zone database, which holds every clock rule a government has ever announced. Paul Eggert, a lecturer at UCLA, keeps that file up to date in his spare time.

B. █‍‌‍​█‍​​​█⁠⁠​‌█​‍​⁠█⁠​​‌█​‍⁠⁠█‌‌‌⁠█​‌⁠⁠

In 2011 an astrology software company sued Paul [Eggert] and Arthur Olson, who started the file in 1986 at the National Institutes of Health, claiming some of its history came from an atlas the company owned. The file’s mailing list and download site were switched off until IANA, which keeps the internet’s master lists, took them over later that month. The Electronic Frontier Foundation defended them for free, and the company dropped the case in February 2012.

B. █‍‌‍​█‍​​​█⁠⁠​‌█​‍​⁠█⁠​​‌█​‍⁠⁠█‌‌‌⁠█​‌⁠⁠

Randall Munroe's Dependency (XKCD 2347)

People post this comic [Referring to Randall Munroe’s Dependency (XKCD 2347)] whenever something breaks. The tower is labelled “all modern digital infrastructure” and it stands on one small block, “a project some random person in Nebraska has been thanklessly maintaining since 2003”.

We wanted to know how close to true it is. We downloaded the full history of 23 pieces of software that phones, browsers and servers depend on, and counted everyone who made ten or more changes to each one between October 2025 and October 2026. Then we listed what is actually installed on an Android phone, an iPhone and a Windows PC.

11 of 23 projects had one or two people doing the regular work.

B. █‍‌‍​█‍​​​█⁠⁠​‌█​‍​⁠█⁠​​‌█​‍⁠⁠█‌‌‌⁠█​‌⁠⁠

Denis Pushkarev Wrote core-js, which lets new JavaScript work in old browsers. By his own count it runs on about half of the thousand busiest websites in the world.

In 2019 he was working on core-js full time without pay, living in Russia because it was cheaper. By his own account, three weeks after a big release he was driving home at 3 a.m. when two young women on a dark road ended up under his car, and one of them died. The families asked for about $80,000, and the prosecutor asked for seven years.

He added a message that appeared in the terminal every time anyone installed core-js, asking for help or a job. Millions of developers saw it, and many of them complained about the message. He went to prison in January 2020 and was released early, about ten months later.

B. █‍‌‍​█‍​​​█⁠⁠​‌█​‍​⁠█⁠​​‌█​‍⁠⁠█‌‌‌⁠█​‌⁠⁠

Todd Miller Has maintained sudo, the command that gives you admin rights on a Mac or a Linux server, since the early 1990s.

Sudo was first written around 1980 at SUNY Buffalo, and Todd has looked after it for longer than Linux has existed. After The Register wrote about his note in February, the project’s Open Collective budget reached about $61,700 a year and 30 people sponsored it on GitHub, which makes sudo the best funded one-person project in our count.

B. █‍‌‍​█‍​​​█⁠⁠​‌█​‍​⁠█⁠​​‌█​‍⁠⁠█‌‌‌⁠█​‌⁠⁠

DRC Runs libjpeg-turbo, which opens every JPEG on Android phones and in Chrome and Edge, and signs his emails with his initials.

He started it in 2010 by taking the JPEG code from the 1990s and making it two to six times faster, and in 2019 it became the reference version of JPEG for the ISO and the ITU. He runs it on his own as a small business, which the project describes as “sustained solely through patronage and funded development”. At one point he wrote that it had general funding “for about 8-10 hours of labor per month”. This year he wrote 98 percent of the changes.

B. █‍‌‍​█‍​​​█⁠⁠​‌█​‍​⁠█⁠​​‌█​‍⁠⁠█‌‌‌⁠█​‌⁠⁠

Mark Adler Wrote zlib with Jean-loup Gailly in 1995. In his other job he managed NASA’s Spirit rover on its way to Mars.

zlib makes files smaller. It is inside PNG images, web pages, Git, Android, iPhones and Chrome, and Debian counts it on 291,615 of the machines that report to it, effectively every one. In the last year two people did most of the work, Mark and a contributor who goes by Vollstrecker. Mark has no sponsor page, and zlib is not on any public funding list we checked.

B. █‍‌‍​█‍​​​█⁠⁠​‌█​‍​⁠█⁠​​‌█​‍⁠⁠█‌‌‌⁠█​‌⁠⁠

Chet Ramey Has maintained bash, the shell on Linux and on Macs from 2003 to 2019, since about 1990, alongside his job in the network group at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio.

B. █‍‌‍​█‍​​​█⁠⁠​‌█​‍​⁠█⁠​​‌█​‍⁠⁠█‌‌‌⁠█​‌⁠⁠

Daniel Stenberg Started curl in Sweden in 1996. It moves data for phones, cars, TVs and Windows, which has shipped it since 2018.

This year eleven people did regular work on curl. Viktor Szakats made the most changes, then Daniel, then Stefan Eissing with 445. In his review of 2025 Daniel wrote that everyone else has now added more lines to curl than he has. He works on it full time because companies pay for support, the project takes in about $89,700 a year through Open Collective, and Germany’s public fund for open source paid €195,000 for work on it.

B. █‍‌‍​█‍​​​█⁠⁠​‌█​‍​⁠█⁠​​‌█​‍⁠⁠█‌‌‌⁠█​‌⁠⁠

But why will you find me there with the entry “0x$1.20”, i.e. decimal $2.88? A few years later I sent in another proposed error, but I was wrong. Knuth actually wrote a few paragraphs why exactly I’m wrong, but because he counted some throwaway sentence in my bug report as a good suggestion, I got another check for $0.32.

THOMAS HUEHN

Hyper-masculine attributions to a certain class of employees like “rock star” or “ninja developer” are commonplace. But the rock star phrase has taken a life on its own. Originally it meant something else, which is a facet worth preserving. Think geology, not music business.

Kim Scott claims in “Radical Candor” that the phrase “rock star” in reference to developers was coined at Apple, and not with the current meaning of some extremely productive developer, but as a contrast to “super star”.

Where the super star is on an explosive career trajectory, always changing jobs, the rock star gets this name from the proverbial rock. The rock star is extremely good, as well, but doesn’t aim for his boss’s position and is content with his rank.

She does not devalue super stars per se, but a healthy team arguably needs the rock star more than the super star. Because the rock star is very important source of stability when it comes to team dynamics. Super stars leave after a short time, but rock stars can shape a workplace culture over a long time.

THOMAS HUEHN
↖︎ Rock Star
Day's Context
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